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TABLE 7-26: WHAT A TOOL CAN DO IN EACH SECTION, AND WHAT MUST BE REVIEWED

Section Possible help Human review

Testing the sequence of the
Establishing the problem and the
Introduction argument and reducing
gap with sources.
generalities.

Organizing the elements into a Describing what actually happened,
Method
structure. and the accuracy of versions.

Improving the order of Matching the numbers and
Results
presentation and the headings. avoiding overstatement.

Proposing competing
The strength of the interpretations
Discussion interpretations and critical
and their link to evidence.
questions.

Unifying the style and finding Matching every reference to the
References
missing fields. claim it supports.

Abstract or Simplifying the language or Clarity and honesty with the
brief producing a short version. audience.

✕ Common misconception Correction

Build the evidence chain first. Writing that
Generating an academic text first and then precedes the evidence tends to bend the

looking for sources that support it. evidence toward the sentence rather than
the reverse.

● A quotation to keep
A draft that cannot connect its core sentence to a source, to data, or to an analysis is not
a completed research draft, however elegant its language.

↻ Try it yourself: color the argument
Choose a paragraph from your report. Highlight the claims in one color, the evidence in
another, and the reasoning in a third. Any claim without evidence, or evidence without
reasoning, needs rebuilding.

● Remember: Section summary
• Key idea: Research writing displays the chain of claim, evidence, reasoning, and limits.

• Practical decision: Use the tool for planning and editing, with a reverse audit of every
sentence, table, and reference.

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