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In reports that rely on websites, save the page title, the issuing body, the date, and the date
of access, and perhaps an archived copy or a PDF where the terms allow. Links change, and
pages may be updated without showing a clear date. For databases and statistics, record the

name of the indicator, its unit, its period, and its definition, not only the page link.

Editorial guidance recommends that human beings guarantee the accuracy of citations, and
that AI tools are not treated as an author or as a responsible source [12][13]. Responsibility

does not transfer to the tool even if the tool supplied the reference. Likewise, disclosing the
use of AI does not justify a fabricated reference; disclosure completes verification, it does
not replace it.

FIGURE 7-7: THE VERIFICATION CHAIN FOR A REFERENCE BEFORE IT IS USED

What to notice: A reference moves from proof of existence to matching of identity,
identifier, claim, and publication status, and then fitness of the evidence. A failure at any
stage requires stopping or qualifying the claim.
Source: Prepared by the author, drawing on metadata services and scholarly publishing

guidance [9][10][12].

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