Page 335 - CyberSecurityEssentialsEnglish

And when using a translation, say that it is the researcher’s translation where necessary, and
do not attribute a machine-translated phrasing to the author as if it were the original text.
There are reference errors that have nothing to do with AI: citing a secondary source without

reading the original, copying a reference from another paper, failing to update publication
data, duplicating a record, and mismatch between the reference list and the text. A tool or

a reference manager can detect some of these problems, but the semantic check requires
reading.

Keep what might be called a reference passport: the link or identifier, a copy of the text, the
location of the claim, the type of source, the publication status, and a note on why it was

used. This passport need not appear in the paper, but it saves a great deal of time during
revision, when a reviewer asks a question, or when the report is updated.

A Miniature Worked Example of Verifying a Reference and a Claim
Suppose a research draft says: “a study published in 2024 indicates that the use of AI raises

the productivity of knowledge teams by 35 percent.” It is not enough for the reference to
look correct in the list. Check it through five steps before the claim stays in the text.

TABLE 7-27: FIVE VERIFICATION STEPS FOR ONE CLAIM

Step What we check The researcher’s decision

Search the full title or the If it does not appear after several
Existence of the
identifier at the publisher or in an forms, delete the reference and
source
index. drop the claim.

If the identifier leads to a
Authors, year, journal name,
Identity match different article, treat it as a high-
volume, pages or article number.
risk error.

Does the 35 percent figure
If the source does not support
actually appear, and is it
Claim match the sentence, revise the sentence
productivity or satisfaction or
or move the citation.
speed?

The sample, the sector, the type
Scope of the Do not generalize the finding
of task, and the method of
finding beyond the limits of the source.
measurement.

Publication Correction, retraction, preprint, Record the status in the

status or a newer version. reference passport before use.

The conclusion: an existing reference is not enough. The reference must exist, match,

support the claim, and fit the context.

334