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FIGURE 1-2: APPROACHES TO BUILDING AI SYSTEMS AND HOW THEY RELATE

What to notice: Machine learning is part of AI, and deep learning is part of machine learning.

Most modern generative AI applications rely on deep learning, although other methods of
generating content also exist.
Source: Prepared by the author based on references [3–5].

✕ Common misconception Correction

Every program that runs automatically is AI, Some programs use fixed automation.
and every AI system learns from data and Some AI systems are symbolic or hybrid.
thinks like a person. Performing an intelligent task does not

demonstrate consciousness or human
understanding.

What Is Not AI in Itself?

1. Database: A database stores and retrieves information. An AI system may use it, but the
database does not learn or generate an answer by itself.
2. Search engine: A search engine finds and ranks pages or documents. A generative system

creates new content, although some applications combine search and generation.
3. Automation: Automation may execute fixed steps without learning. AI can be part of an
automated process, but the two terms are not synonymous.

4. Consciousness: Fluent conversation or simulated emotion does not prove that a system
feels or intends what it says.

5. Authoritative source: A confidently worded answer does not become an official record. It
must be checked against the relevant source and context.

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