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5.8 The Bilingual Communication Workflow
◆ Key idea: translation carries the purpose, not only the words.
Institutional translation is not the substitution of words between two languages. It is the
transfer of a purpose, a term, a degree of formality, and a required action, while
preserving names, figures, commitments, and the direction of presentation.

A tool may produce a linguistically good translation that still changes the degree of obligation
or chooses a term inconsistent with the organization. “Shall” differs from “may”, “policy”

differs from “procedure”, and “client” may mean a customer or a beneficiary depending on
context. The workflow therefore begins with a glossary and a memory of linguistic decisions
that fixes the approved equivalent for recurring words.

The task is divided into three stages: understanding the original text, producing a first

translation, and a bilingual review. In the first stage, ambiguous sentences, abbreviations,
and names are identified. In the second, the structure, the meaning, and the tone are
preserved. In the third, figures, dates, and names are compared, and then terminology, style,

and readability are reviewed.

When preparing a version of one message in two languages, literal correspondence in
sentence order is not required if reading conventions differ, but the obligation, the required
action, the deadline, and the attachments must match. A parallel table that places each

paragraph beside its counterpart can be created for sensitive documents.

Text direction is part of output quality. The position of numbers, symbols, email addresses,
links, brackets, and tables must be checked. A document may be linguistically correct yet

visually confusing, especially where English is embedded inside an Arabic sentence. A visual
check is therefore included as a separate step, not as an implicit part of proofreading.

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