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thousand Egyptian pounds and no more than two hundred thousand Egyptian pounds, or with one of
the two penalties. In case the crime is perpetrated against a public legal person, the penalty of
imprisonment and a fine of no less than one hundred thousand Egyptian pounds and no more than
three hundred thousand Egyptian pounds shall apply.

Chapter Three: The Crimes of Infringement of the Sanctity of Private Life and Unlawful Information Content
✓ Article (25)
Anyone, who infringes or violates any of the family principles or values of the Egyptian society,
encroaches on the sanctity of the private life, or sends high volume emails to a certain person without
obtaining his/her consent, provides personal data to an e-system or website for promoting
commodities or services without getting the approval thereof, or publishes via the information
network or by any means of information technology, information, news, images or the like, which
infringes the privacy of any person, without obtaining his/her consent, whether the published
information is true or false, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term of no less than six
months and a fine of no less than fifty thousand Egyptian pounds and no more than one hundred
thousand Egyptian pounds, or with one of the two penalties.
✓ Article (26)
Anyone who intentionally uses an information software or information technology in processing
personal data of a third party to connect such data with an abusive content or to display it in a way
detrimental to the reputation or honor of such third party shall be punishable with imprisonment for
a term of no less than two years and no more than five years a fine of no less than one hundred
thousand Egyptian pounds and no more than three hundred thousand Egyptian pounds, or with one
of the two penalties.

The Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 of 2020

In this regard, the Egyptian legislator also issued the Personal Data Protection Law. It marks a significant step
towards consolidating residents’ rights of privacy and creating a transparent and robust legal base to boost
the growth Egyptian technology sector and to advance digital transformation.

Moreover, it further boosts e-commerce, knowing that personal data is a crucial factor contributing to e-
commerce prosperity. In addition, the Law underscores the protection of privacy, specifically “digital privacy”,
as it is right that overlaps with personal data protection.

This Law protects any data related to children as it explicitly stipulates that, in all cases, data relating to
children shall be considered “Sensitive Personal Data”. It further emphasizes that collecting, transferring,
storing, saving, processing or disclosing children data, the legal guardian’s consent should be obtained.
Moreover, it pays special attention to the protection of the child’s data, in case he participates in a game,
competition or any other activity as it stipulates that it shall not be conditional on the submission of the
child’s personal data more than what is necessary for actual participation.

The Law comprises forty-nine, divided into 14 chapters, and a seven-article preface. The first chapter provides
the definition of significant relevant terms, such as personal data, “any data related to an identified natural
person, or a person who can be identified directly or indirectly by linking these data to any other data such
as name, voice, or image, etc. As for “the sensitive personal data”, it is “data that reveals psychological,
mental, or physical health, financial data, religious beliefs, or political opinions… Children’s data is considered
sensitive personal data.” As for “processing”, it is “any electronic or technical process of writing, collecting,

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