Page 11 - cloudComputing-En-V3

Then, the term clouds began to appear in the context of talking
about networks, followed by the emergence of one of the most
important breakthroughs associated with the history of cloud
computing which was the emergence of (Salesforce.com) in 1999
that became a pioneer in terms of providing applications through a
simple site. In turn, this paved the way for companies working on
specialized and mainstream applications over the Internet. For
example, the year 2002 saw the development of Amazon Web
Services. These services provided a range of storage, accounting
and even services related to the exploitation of human intelligence
to complete tasks that beat computers capabilities - through its
store that was called Amazon Mechanical Turk. Then, many
different efforts have been appeared through leading technology
companies (such as Oracle, IBM, Google etc.) to implement and
exploit that success of cloud computing to provide different and
varied services to their users.

• Definition of Cloud Computing and Why This Name

After learning about the history of the emergence of cloud
computing, what is the reason for its name and what is the scientific
definition of this term? The term cloud computing is twofold: (a)
"computing" which means processing operations, calculations,
computing based on the application of different algorithms to solve
a problem, or other capabilities available in computers; and (b)
"cloud" derived from the cloud, which in turn refers to the provider
of such technology services over the Internet.

Based on the reason for the name, we can now talk about the
scientific definition of this very important technology available
currently. Well, there are many sources that define cloud
computing in different ways. These definitions include that cloud
computing is one of the models associated with information
technology based on virtualization, as it allows its services in the
form of providing various sources of infrastructure, applications,
and data by one or more providers "on demand" and at a "pay-as-
you-go" based cost.

According to this definition, the services provided by cloud
computing have opened the way for users (as individuals,

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