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data security maintenance, applications protection, and isolation
between users.

After this period, specifically in 1967, a type of network called
ARPANET, which was developed under the guidance of the United
States Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), emerged. It was
considered as the basis of the Internet, as the next two years of this
emergence witnessed the success of the linking process of four
university computers to enable them communicating and sharing
resources. To achieve that, an idea that was novel in those days,
was applied. The concept behind the idea was the possibility of
sending small units of information known as packets. These packets
in turn can take different routes within a network of devices
connected until finally reaching the desired destination. At the
destination, these packets are grouped, and the information sent
through them is reconfigured. Then, a related development which
was one of the most famous network protocols, TCP/IP protocol, in
the seventies led to the ability to expand the size of networks used
to communicate between devices in an organized manner that is
now known as the network of networks.

But this was not the only achievement in the seventies of the last
century, as this period also witnessed the emergence of new and
unique technology known as virtualization software. This
technology was considered as an important catalyst in the
development of the field of communications and information. The
idea of these programs was to provide the possibility of executing
and operating one or more operating systems at the same time and
in isolation from each other in the same device. In other words,
these programs have enabled the ability to run more than one
entire device (by default) within a single physical device using
different operating systems. It is worth mentioning here that this
technology developed the idea of sharing supercomputers
(mainframes) to allow many different computer environments to
exist and work in a single physical environment. This achievement
was followed in 1990 by the opportunity for telecom company
users to share the physical infrastructure of their devices by
providing virtual private network connections.

3 Training unit in the field of technological information - at the Supreme Council of Universities © Intellectual property rights 2024