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Introduction

Distance Learning is a term that includes all types of education via the Internet
without being subject to the conditions and rules of formal education, which requires
face-to-face interaction between the teacher and the learner and requires attendance at the
place of study and full-time.
Distance learning compensates for this by relying on modern and advanced technologies
and harnessing them to serve students, teachers (or trainers), and the educational process.
From a historical perspective, the beginning of distance learning dates to the year 1840,
when there was what was called correspondence learning. Then the idea of open
education appeared when the Open University was established in the United Kingdom in
1963 AD. Therefore, distance learning is an extension of learning. Correspondence and
open education.

1. The concept of distance learning

The concept of distance learning refers to an educational process in which
there is no direct contact between the teacher and the learner, as each of them is
separated in space or time, or both, provided that communication between them
takes place via printed or electronic educational media, which enhances both the
principle of continuous learning ( continuous learning), the principle of
individualizing education, the principle of self-learning, and the principle of
freedom of education. In the current era, distance learning has come to keep pace
with technological and cognitive development.

Distance learning has gone through four generations:
• Messaging system, printed materials, and audio-visual media.
• Educational television and radio system recorded and live lectures on satellite and
radio stations.
• Multimedia system, audio, image, video, text, and computerized materials.
• Internet-based systems with electronically prepared and multimedia educational
materials with the possibility of interaction between the teacher and the learner, such
as interactive platforms Learning management systems (LMS, And audio and video
communication applications such as Microsoft Teams.

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