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TABLE 7-16: ESSENTIAL FIELDS WHEN EXTRACTING QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE RESULTS

Dimension In quantitative research In qualitative research

Size, characteristics, and Who took part and how they
Sample
allocation. were selected.

The instrument, its reliability, and Interviews or observation, and
Data collection
the timing of measurement. the context.

The model, the assumptions, and The coding approach and how
Analysis
the variables. themes were built.

The estimate, the interval, and Themes, quotations, and
Results
the effect size. disconfirming cases.

Attrition, adherence, and
Quality checks Reflexivity and data saturation.
residuals.

Limits Generalizability and directness. Transferability and context.

✕ Common misconception Correction

Keep two separate columns: what the
Collecting summaries with no traceable source says, and the researcher’s note.
location, or merging the source’s finding This simple separation stops personal

with the researcher’s interpretation. interpretations turning into findings
attributed to the source.

↻ Try it yourself: two papers, one matrix

Choose two papers on one topic. Extract from each the question, the method, the
sample, the finding, the limitation, and the location of the evidence, into one shared
table. Then write one difference that might explain a divergence in their results.

● Remember: Section summary

• Key idea: Research reading turns sources into an organized record while preserving
where the evidence sits.
• Practical decision: Use an extraction card, a field dictionary, and one shared evidence
matrix.
• Mistake to avoid: Gathering untraceable summaries, or mixing a source’s finding with
the researcher’s interpretation.

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