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TABLE 3-8: CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH MEDIUM AND ITS RISKS

                Medium                  What must be tested                       A common failure

                                                                           Reading the text and ignoring
                Text and        Length, headings, footnotes, pages,
                                                                            the table, or losing the page
              documents                tables, and attribution.
                                                                                       number.

                                                                           Confusing 0 and 6, dropping a
                OCR and           Clarity of type, skew, language,
                                                                            row, or reading the column
            scanned images        numbers, columns, and stamps.
                                                                                   order wrongly.

                                                                             A generic description that
              Images and        Description, text inside the image,         ignores a small detail, or an

                 charts              spatial relations, and scale.         inference the image does not
                                                                                       support.

                                  Noise, speakers, dialect, names,         Merging speakers, or altering
                 Audio
                                          and terminology.                      names and numbers.

                                                                           Summarizing the spoken track
                                 Audio, frames, sequence, timing,
                 Video                                                     and ignoring what appears on
                                            and subtitles.
                                                                                        screen.

                                                                           Analyzing a visually formatted
                                    Types, missing values, units,         copy instead of the actual data,
            Data and tables
                                       formulas, and samples.              or a calculation that cannot be
                                                                                      repeated.

                                                                            Code that looks correct but
                                    Version, environment, tests,
                  Code                                                     does not run, or that changes
                                     permissions, and libraries.
                                                                                      real data.

                                                                              Attractive slides with no
                                    Narrative structure, sources,
             Presentations                                                 argument, or undocumented
                                   sequence, and visual density.
                                                                                        figures.























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