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Cloud, On Premises, and On Device
TABLE 3-9: COMPARING PLACES TO RUN A SYSTEM

Mode Advantages Limits and questions

Data transfer, service changes,
Fast access to powerful models,
Cloud variable cost, region, and vendor
updates, scale, and managed tools.
dependence.

Greater control over data, versions, Hardware, maintenance, security,
On premises and integration, and the ability to updates, quality monitoring, and a

work inside the network. specialist team.

Lower capability, memory, and
Low latency, offline operation, and
On device power, variation between devices,
less data sent outward.
and difficult version management.

Designing identity, permissions,
Keeping sensitive data local while
Hybrid logging, and secure transfer
using the cloud for suitable tasks.
between environments.

✓ Practical tip: test the hardest file, not the prettiest one
Use a scanned PDF, a table that spans several pages, audio in a local dialect, or a deck
containing charts. If you test only a clean example, you will choose a tool that does not
represent reality.
• Include deliberate failure cases.
• Record what the tool could not read.

• Do not permit execution on real data during the trial.

Choosing a Medium Means Choosing a Processing Chain
A vendor saying that a tool “supports PDF” is not enough. It may extract only digital text, or

use OCR for scanned pages, or lose the order of columns, or fail to link an image to its
caption. Test a composite file that contains a heading, a table, a footnote, and a scanned
page. Then ask for the page and the source to be cited, so that you discover what the tool

read and what it ignored.

With images, distinguish reading text, analyzing a scene, and understanding a chart. A model
may read the number but get the axis or the legend wrong, and it may describe a chart

without computing the values. When a chart is the basis of a decision, ask for the data to be
extracted or verify it by hand. With audio, test dialect, noise, overlapping speakers, and
proper names, and do not measure transcription quality by word count alone; an error in a
negation or a date may matter more than ten spelling errors.

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