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The Model, the Application, the Platform, and the API
A model is the learned mathematical component that converts inputs into a prediction,
content, or representation. An application is a ready-made experience that adds an
interface, file uploads, memory, search, and perhaps tools that carry out actions. A platform
assembles services for building solutions: models, storage, retrieval, permissions, and
monitoring. An API is a structured channel that lets a program send requests, receive results,
and integrate them into another system.
These distinctions are practical. Buying a subscription to a chat application does not
necessarily grant API control, and access to an API does not automatically provide a
collaborative experience, document management, or logs. A specialized tool may use a
general model yet add a workflow, rules, and terminology that make more difference than
changing the model would.
The Seven Layers of the System
FIGURE 3-2: THE LAYERS OF AN AI SYSTEM
What to notice: Every layer may improve the output or cause the failure. Diagnose the layer
before replacing the model.
Source: Prepared by the author, drawing on the concept of foundation models in [2].
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