Page 150 - CyberSecurityEssentialsEnglish

Common
Term Plain-language explanation
abbreviation

Retrieval-
Generating an answer from passages retrieved from an
augmented RAG
external source.
generation

Dividing a document into passages suitable for indexing and
Chunking -
retrieval, ideally by meaning.

A numerical representation used to measure similarity and
Embedding -
perform semantic retrieval.

A store that holds passages as numeric representations so
Vector store - that similar meanings can be found by similarity rather than
by exact words.

Combining keyword search with semantic search to improve
Hybrid search -
retrieval.

Reordering retrieved results according to their relevance to
Reranking -
the question.

Grounding - Tying an answer to specific information or sources.

Whether the cited passage actually supports the claim
Citation faithfulness -
made from it.

Updating a model’s weights with examples for a specialized
Fine-tuning -
task or behavior.

An efficient tuning method that uses trainable low-rank
LoRA -
matrices.

Structured output - A result that follows defined fields, types, or a schema.

A system that uses a model and tools to carry out steps
Agent -
toward a goal.

A product label for agents that perform multi-step searching
Deep research -
and assemble a report; not a standardized category.

A model that runs on a device or server under the control of
Local model -
the user or the organization.

Weights made available under a license, without implying
Open-weight -
that all build components are available.

A system meeting the freedoms to use, study, modify, and
Open source AI -
share according to a published definition and license.

A set of tasks, a protocol, and measures used for
Benchmark -
comparison.

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